4.Operating System - Properties

Batch Processing: Batch processing is a technique in which an Operating System collects the programs and data together in a batch before processing starts.

Multitasking: Multitasking is when multiple jobs are executed by the CPU simultaneously by switching between them.

Multiprogramming: Sharing the processor, when two or more programs reside in memory at the same time, is referred to as multiprogramming.

Interactivity: Interactivity refers to the ability of users to interact with a computer system.

Real-Time System: Real-time systems are usually dedicated, embedded systems. The Operating system must guarantee a response to events within fixed periods of time to ensure correct performance.

Distributed Environment: A distributed environment refers to multiple independent CPUs or processors in a computer system. The OS distributes computation logic among several physical processors. The processors do not share a memory or a clock. Instead, each processor has its own local memory. The OS manages the communications between the processors.

Spooling: Spooling is an acronym for simultaneous peripheral operations on-line. Spooling refers to putting data of various I/O jobs in a buffer. This buffer is a special area in memory or hard disk which is accessible to I/O devices.

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7.Operating System - Memory Management

Process Address Space: The process address space is the set of logical addresses that a process references in its code. Static vs Dynamic Loading: The choice between Static or Dynamic Loading is to be made at the time of the computer program being developed. If you have to load your program statically, then at the time of compilation, the complete programs will be compiled and linked without leaving any external program or module dependency. If you are writing a dynamically loaded program, then your compiler will compile the program and for all the modules which you want to include dynamically, only references will be provided and the rest of the work will be done at the time of execution. At the time of loading, with static loading, the absolute program (and data) is loaded into memory in order for execution to start. If you are using dynamic loading, dynamic routines of the library are stored on a disk in re-locatable form and are loaded into memory only when they a...

9. Operating System - Extra

Interrupt: In system programming, an interrupt is a signal to the processor emitted by hardware or software indicating an event that needs immediate attention. Trap: In computing and operating systems, a trap, also known as an exception or a fault, is typically a type of synchronous interrupt caused by an exceptional condition (e.g., breakpoint, division by zero, invalid memory access). Signal: A signal is a software-generated interrupt that is sent to a process by the OS because when the user press ctrl-c or another process tells something to this process. There is fix set of signals that can be sent to a process. Signals are identified by integers. A signal number has symbolic names. System call: The interface between a process and an operating system is provided by system calls. System calls are usually made when a process in user mode requires access to a resource. Then it request...

3.Operating System - Services

Program Execution: The OS is responsible for executing programs. It loads the program into memory and executes the program. Program execution also includes process sync, process communication, and deadlock handling. I/O Operation : An I/O subsystem comprises I/O devices and their corresponding driver software. I/O operation means read or write operation with any file or any specific I/O device. OS provides the access to the required I/O device when required. File System Manipulation: A file represents a collection of related information. A file system is normally organized into directories for easy navigation and usage. The operating system gives the permission to the program for operation on file. Permission varies from read-only, read-write, denied, and so on. Operating System provides an interface for the user to create/delete files. Operating System provides an interface for the user to create/delete directories. Operating System...

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